Simple Past Tense,Past Continuous Tense,Past Perfect Tense, and Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Versi Indonesia)

Past Simple

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau aktivitas di waktu lampau yang sudah selesai dilakukan atau yang sudah terjadi.

Kalimat simple past tense dapat dibentuk menggunakan kata kerja bentuk kedua (past) atau to be (was/were).



Pola I
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did + not + V1
(?) Did + S + V1

Pola II
(+) S + was/were + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + was/were + not + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Was/were + S + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:
I walked to school yesterday.
Tom did not eat lunch yesterday.
Did you come to class?

Contoh kalimat pola II:
They were in Bali last week.
It was not cool last night.
Was Tom at home last night?


Catatan

Kegiatan atau aktivitas yang dilakukan dapat saja terjadi beberapa menit atau hitungan detik sebelumnya, atau baru saja terjadi dan telah selesai sebelum saat sekarang ini. Atau bisa jadi kejadian yang terjadi jutaan tahun yang lalu.

Pada pola kalimat pertama bentuk negatif atau tanya tidak digunakan verba bentuk kedua (seperti walked, stopped, rang, dsb.) tetapi menggunakan bentuk verba pertama.

Pola kalimat simple past tense sering dipakai untuk bercerita.

Past Simple, Function

Simple past tense digunakan untuk:

a. menyatakan kejadian, kegiatan atau situasi yang terjadi di waktu lampau (sebelum sekarang) dengan menyebutkan waktu terjadinya secara spesifik maupun tidak.
- Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
- They arrived in Geneva yesterday.
- I saw that film last week.
- She finished her work at seven o’clock.
- He lived here for two years.
- Peter left five minutes ago.
- I drank three cups of coffee this morning.

b. menyatakan kebiasaan atau kegiatan yang sering dilakukan di waktu lampau
- Last summer, we went to the beach every day.
- He always drank a glass of milk in the morning.
- He travelled a lot when he was younger.
- She played the piano when she was a child.

c. menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi secara berurutan atau susul menyusul.
- She put on her coat and picked up her bag. Then she opened the door and went out.
- He got up, had breakfast and went out.


Keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai dalam simple past tense adalah:
- yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon / evening,
- last night / week / month / year / Saturday,
- a minute ago, two days / weeks / months / years ago,
- in 2001, in April, on 25th March, on that day, at six o’clock,
- today, this morning / afternoon

Past Continuous

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

Pola kalimat:
(+) S + was/were + V-ing
(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing
(?) Was/were + S + V-ing

Contoh kalimat:
He was studying English at 7 o’clock last night.
They were not playing tennis at 4 pm last Sunday.
Was Tom washing the car yesterday?


Catatan

Bentuk past continuous tense menggambarkan kejadian atau kegiatan pada waktu sebelum sekarang yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih dilakukan sampai dengan waktu tertentu di waktu lampau. Dengan kata lain, kegiatan tersebut belum selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau.

Past continuous tense sering digunakan bersama-sama dengan bentuk past tense untuk menggambarkan sebuah cerita.

Past Continuous, Function

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk:

a. menggambarkan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di waktu lampau.
- I was doing my homework at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
- I was having lunch at 2 o’clock yesterday.

b. menyatakan kejadian yang belum selesai atau sedang terjadi yang terhenti karena kejadian lainnya di waktu lampau.
- I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.
- She was driving to work when her car broke down.

c. menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi ketika kejadian lainnya juga terjadi di waktu lampau.
- She was sleeping when her father left.
- We were watching TV when the doorbell rang.

d. menggambarkan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi secara bersamaan di waktu lampau.
- Jack was reading a comic while the teacher was talking.
- While Mum was cooking, Tom and I were doing our homework.

e. menggambarkan suasana atau keadaan pada awal sebuah cerita di waktu lampau.
- It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
- It was early in the morning. People were going to work and children were hurrying to school.

Past Perfect

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi sebelum terjadinya peristiwa atau kegiatan lain di waktu lampau.

Pola kalimat past perfect tense.

Pola I
(+) S + had + V3
(-) S + had + not + V3
(?) Had + S + V3

Pola II
(+) S + had + been + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + had + not + been + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Had + S + been + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:
They had gone to bed by ten o’clock.
I had not eaten when she came.
Had the cat killed the parrot?

Contoh kalimat pola II:
She had been to the supermarket by nine o’clock.
They had not been here when he came.
Had she been happy after his father came?


Catatan

Pada saat berbicara menggunakan pola kalimat past perfect tense, subjek dan kata kerja bantu sering dijadikan satu dengan cara disingkat (‘d contraction).
They’d gone to bed by ten o’clock.

Bentuk singkatan ‘d juga dipakai untuk kata kerja bantu would. Contoh, we’d dapat berarti we had atau we would. Tetapi verba utamanya berbeda bentuk, misalnya:
We had arrived (past participle)
We would arrive (base)
Perhatikan konteksnya dalam kalimat untuk membedakannya.

Past Perfect, Function

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk:

a. menggambarkan kegiatan atau kejadian yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum kejadian lainnya di waktu lampau. Kejadian lainnya itu biasanya menggunakan bentuk past simple tense.
- By the time I arrived, Jack had already gone to the bed.
- I was glad that I had caught the early bus.
- Emma went to France last week. Before that, she had never been outside Indonesia.

b. menggambarkan kegiatan atau kejadian yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum atau pada waktu (kejadian lainnya) yang spesifik di waktu lampau.
- It was one o’clock in the morning. The guests had gone home.
- She had completed the preparations before noon.
- He had left by 10.00.

c. menunjukkan kegiatan atau kejadian yang benar-benar telah selesai dilakukan.
- When Susan had done her shopping, she went to visit her sister.
- As soon as we had done our last exam, we all went out to a club.
- When I got home, I found that Joe had painted his room.


Keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai dalam past perfect tense adalah when, after, before, as sson as, until, just, already, by, by the time, ever, never, the previous day, the week before.

Past Perfect Continuous

Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan yang telah dan sedang berlangsung sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.

Pola kalimat:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing

Contoh kalimat:
I had been reading a book for two hours when he arrived.
She had not been sleeping when he walked in.
Had you been waiting long before the taxi arrived?


Catatan

Pola kalimat past perfect continuous tense juga dipakai dalam kalimat tak langsung (indirect/reported speech). Bentuk kalimat tak langsung ini sepadan dengan bentuk kalimat langsung (direct speech) dengan pola past continuous tense dan present perfect continuous tense.

Jane said, “I have been gardening all afternoon.”
Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon. (indirect speech)

When the police questioned him, John said “I was working late in the office that night.”
When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night. (indirect speech)

Past Perfect Continuous, Function

Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk:

a. memberikan penekanan pada lamanya kejadian berlangsung selama waktu tertentu sebelum kejadian lainnya di waktu lampau. Kejadian lain yang mengikutinya itu biasanya menggunakan bentuk past simple tense.
- I found my keys yesterday. I had been looking for them for days.
- We had been sleeping for two hours when someone knocked on our door.

b. menggambarkan kegiatan yang terjadi di waktu lampau yang berlangsung lama dan hasilnya atau akibatnya dapat dilihat atau dirasakan.
- The man had been working in the fields, so they were exhausted.
- Her eyes were red. She had been crying.


Keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai dalam past perfect continuous tense adalah since, for, before, until, when, etc.

Past Future Simple

Simple past future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau.

Pola kalimat simple past future tense.

Pola I
(+) S + would + V1
(-) S + would + not + V1
(?) Would + S + V1

Pola II
(+) S + would + be + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + would + not + be + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Would + S + be + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:
He would cross the street this morning.
I would not go to Bali the following day.
Would you sleep after that?
What would you buy for her at that moment?
Who would go the beach the next day?

Contoh kalimat pola II:
I would be in class this morning.
He would not be late the following day.
Would you be back for lunch after that?
Where would you be the next day?
Who would be angry at that moment?


Catatan

Untuk bentuk negatif, sering dipakai bentuk singkatan wouldn’t.
He wouldn’t be late the following day.

Terkadang should dipakai menggantikan would, terutama untuk subjek I dan we.
I should not go to Bali the following day.

Past Future Continuous

Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Pola kalimat
(+) S + would + be + V-ing
(-) S + would + not + be + V-ing
(?) Would + S + be + V-ing

Contoh kalimat:
I would be studying English at 8 o’clock last night.
She would not be watering the garden at this the day last week.
Would you be playing football at 7 o’clock yesterday morning?

Past Future Perfect

Past future perfect tense adalah digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan sudah atau belum selesai dilakukan di waktu lampau.

Pola I
(+) S + would + have + V3
(-) S + would + not + have + V3
(?) Would + S + have + V3

Pola II
(+) S + would + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + would + not + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Would + S + have + been + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:
She would have met me.
They would not have visited us.
Would he have finished his study?

Contoh kalimat pola II:
I would have been in Surabaya.
She would not have met me.
Would he have finished her study?

Past Future Perfect Continuous

Past future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan sudah dan sedang/masih dilakukan pada masa lampau.

Pola kalimat
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing

Contoh kalimat:
I would have been living in Yogyakarta for 10 years.
She would not have been studying for three years.
Would you have been teaching for five years?

Sumber :
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-simple.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/past-simple-function.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-continuous.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/past-continuous-function.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-perfect.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/past-perfect-function.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-perfect-continuous.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/past-perfect-continuous-function.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-future-simple.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-future-continuous.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-future-perfect.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/01/past-future-perfect-continuous.html